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curl_url_get(3) | Library Functions Manual | curl_url_get(3) |
NAME¶
curl_url_get - extract a part from a URL
SYNOPSIS¶
#include <curl/curl.h> CURLUcode curl_url_get(const CURLU *url,
CURLUPart part,
char **content,
unsigned int flags);
DESCRIPTION¶
Given a url handle of a URL object, this function extracts an individual piece or the full URL from it.
The part argument specifies which part to extract (see list below) and content points to a 'char *' to get updated to point to a newly allocated string with the contents.
The flags argument is a bitmask with individual features.
The returned content pointer must be freed with curl_free(3) after use.
FLAGS¶
The flags argument is zero, one or more bits set in a bitmask.
- CURLU_DEFAULT_PORT
- If the handle has no port stored, this option makes curl_url_get(3) return the default port for the used scheme.
- CURLU_DEFAULT_SCHEME
- If the handle has no scheme stored, this option makes curl_url_get(3) return the default scheme instead of error.
- CURLU_NO_DEFAULT_PORT
- Instructs curl_url_get(3) to not return a port number if it matches the default port for the scheme.
- CURLU_URLDECODE
- Asks curl_url_get(3) to URL decode the contents before returning
it. It does not decode the scheme, the port number or the full URL.
The query component also gets plus-to-space conversion as a bonus when this bit is set.
Note that this URL decoding is charset unaware and you get a zero terminated string back with data that could be intended for a particular encoding.
If there are byte values lower than 32 in the decoded string, the get operation returns an error instead.
- CURLU_URLENCODE
- If set, curl_url_get(3) URL encodes the hostname part when a full
URL is retrieved. If not set (default), libcurl returns the URL with the
hostname raw to support IDN names to appear as-is. IDN hostnames are
typically using non-ASCII bytes that otherwise gets percent-encoded.
Note that even when not asking for URL encoding, the '%' (byte 37) is URL encoded to make sure the hostname remains valid.
- CURLU_PUNYCODE
- If set and CURLU_URLENCODE is not set, and asked to retrieve the
CURLUPART_HOST or CURLUPART_URL parts, libcurl returns the
host name in its punycode version if it contains any non-ASCII octets (and
is an IDN name).
If libcurl is built without IDN capabilities, using this bit makes curl_url_get(3) return CURLUE_LACKS_IDN if the hostname contains anything outside the ASCII range.
(Added in curl 7.88.0)
- CURLU_PUNY2IDN
- If set and asked to retrieve the CURLUPART_HOST or
CURLUPART_URL parts, libcurl returns the hostname in its IDN
(International Domain Name) UTF-8 version if it otherwise is a punycode
version. If the punycode name cannot be converted to IDN correctly,
libcurl returns CURLUE_BAD_HOSTNAME.
If libcurl is built without IDN capabilities, using this bit makes curl_url_get(3) return CURLUE_LACKS_IDN if the hostname is using punycode.
(Added in curl 8.3.0)
PARTS¶
- CURLUPART_URL
- When asked to return the full URL, curl_url_get(3) returns a
normalized and possibly cleaned up version using all available URL parts.
We advise using the CURLU_PUNYCODE option to get the URL as "normalized" as possible since IDN allows hostnames to be written in many different ways that still end up the same punycode version.
- CURLUPART_SCHEME
- Scheme cannot be URL decoded on get.
- CURLUPART_USER
- CURLUPART_PASSWORD
- CURLUPART_OPTIONS
- The options field is an optional field that might follow the password in the userinfo part. It is only recognized/used when parsing URLs for the following schemes: pop3, smtp and imap. The URL API still allows users to set and get this field independently of scheme when not parsing full URLs.
- CURLUPART_HOST
- The hostname. If it is an IPv6 numeric address, the zone id is not part of
it but is provided separately in CURLUPART_ZONEID. IPv6 numerical
addresses are returned within brackets ([]).
IPv6 names are normalized when set, which should make them as short as possible while maintaining correct syntax.
- CURLUPART_ZONEID
- If the hostname is a numeric IPv6 address, this field might also be set.
- CURLUPART_PORT
- A port cannot be URL decoded on get. This number is returned in a string just like all other parts. That string is guaranteed to hold a valid port number in ASCII using base 10.
- CURLUPART_PATH
- The part is always at least a slash ('/') even if no path was supplied in the URL. A URL path always starts with a slash.
- CURLUPART_QUERY
- The initial question mark that denotes the beginning of the query part is
a delimiter only. It is not part of the query contents.
A not-present query returns part set to NULL. A zero-length query returns part as a zero-length string.
The query part gets pluses converted to space when asked to URL decode on get with the CURLU_URLDECODE bit.
- CURLUPART_FRAGMENT
- The initial hash sign that denotes the beginning of the fragment is a delimiter only. It is not part of the fragment contents.
PROTOCOLS¶
All
EXAMPLE¶
int main(void) {
CURLUcode rc;
CURLU *url = curl_url();
rc = curl_url_set(url, CURLUPART_URL, "https://example.com", 0);
if(!rc) {
char *scheme;
rc = curl_url_get(url, CURLUPART_SCHEME, &scheme, 0);
if(!rc) {
printf("the scheme is %s\n", scheme);
curl_free(scheme);
}
curl_url_cleanup(url);
} }
AVAILABILITY¶
Added in 7.62.0. CURLUPART_ZONEID was added in 7.65.0.
RETURN VALUE¶
Returns a CURLUcode error value, which is CURLUE_OK (0) if everything went fine. See the libcurl-errors(3) man page for the full list with descriptions.
If this function returns an error, no URL part is returned.
SEE ALSO¶
CURLOPT_CURLU(3), curl_url(3), curl_url_cleanup(3), curl_url_dup(3), curl_url_set(3), curl_url_strerror(3)
2024-05-14 | libcurl |